Linux has become a solid operating system on both personal and enterprise levels. What was further developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 has turned into a flourishing system that has evolved over time, adding open-source variety to the dominating Windows industry. To find out about the history of Linux, please click
here.
What Linux is: A stable, fun, and free operating system that is invulnerable to viruses and spyware that plagues Windows systems. Click
here to see a screenshot of a Linux desktop.
What Linux requires: An open mind and patience. Unlike Windows, the industry standard, Linux is computer specific which means that you might have to try different distributions to see which one best suits your hardware configuration.
Linux can be installed either on the same hard drive as Windows, after partitioning, or on a different hard drive, if you have a second one installed. A bootloader is installed on the Master Boot Record which allows you to choose the operating system you wish to use, either Windows or Linux, for example. (
Screenshot)
You may wonder if there are any native Linux software programs equivalent to typical Windows applications. In fact, Linux thrives on open-source software that is generally well-maintained, updated, supported, and
free. Click
here and
here for concise lists of Linux software equivalents.
Most Linux distributions offer various kinds of ISO (CD image) files:
- LiveCD including option to Install
- LiveCD without option to Install
- Install CD
It is highly recommended to download and burn a LiveCD (click
here to learn how to burn an ISO file), if the distribution offers one, because the beauty of a LiveCD is that it is an entire Linux operating system that can be tested to see if your hardware configuration (keyboard, mouse, Internet connection, sound, and video) is compatible with the distribution
before installing it. By setting your BIOS to boot from the CD, the distribution loads itself into available virtual memory (RAM) and then runs entirely off the CD itself. All of the software programs can be run from the CD, such as Firefox, OpenOffice Writer, XmmS, and Gaim.
There are several different package management systems that distributions use, however, Debian and RPM are the most popular at the moment. Debian is the most efficient in terms of installing packages due to its ease in managing dependencies. RPM, in contrast, is similar to an Install.exe or Setup.exe in Windows. If you click on the .rpm, you may be surprised to see that the package is unable to be installed because of missing dependencies. You would then either have to manually search for and install them or forget about it entirely.
To make it easier to install applications and their dependencies, Debian based and more recent RPM based distributions use package management programs, such as Synaptic (
Screenshot), which is equivalent to the "Add-Remove Programs" manager that Windows uses. More often than not, if a package manager is used, there is a file, or "sources.list" (
Screenshot), that is used by the distribution to download and update its system and programs. The file is distribution specific, yet sources, or download sites, can be manually added to allow more programs to be installed and updated.
Now that the excitement is building you may wish to try to test a LiveCD and eventually install a distribution that suits your computer.
DistroWatch features an excellent, comprehensive guide to Linux distributions. In addition, Wikipedia offers a list of distributions
here and a comparison of distributions
here.
The following distributions below are considered to be popular and highly maintained.
Debian Based Distributions:
KanotixMepisKnoppixKubuntuUbuntuRPM Based Distributions:
PCLinuxOSYoperSuseUSB Flash Drive Distributions (All Under 128 MB):
Damn Small LinuxFeather LinuxTo search for RPM based packages and software, you can use the following sites:
RPM FindDAG RPM Package ListingFor Open Source software in general, go to
SourceForge.net.
New Linux users can use the PDF guide found below to help them through all the basics. The guide covers the following topics:
- Hard drives, partitions, and file systems
- Creating shortcuts to your hard drives and partitions on Linux
- Installing audio and video codecs
- Basic Konsole commands
- Debian apt-get and dpkg commands for installing software
- Keyboard shortcuts
- Creating desktop shortcuts
- Installing Programs
Linux User Guide to the BasicsFor a complete PDF guide containing a thorough list of Konsole commands, as well as detailed explanations regarding directories, daemons, services, and files, please click
here.
Below you will find a link to a page that describes various How-tos regarding converting audio files into various formats, backing up DVDs for personal use, editing video files, ripping audio CDs for personal use, and downloading your image files onto your hard drive from your USB digital camera.
Linux How-tosMany technical and basic Linux questions can be answered by simply using the forum that supports your distribution. Moreover, do not hesitate to use your favorite search engine to find a solution or a quick fix to a problem. There are plenty of Linux users out there who have answered a lot of common and complicated questions.
Linux is a marvelous system that is flexible and stable. If you have an open mind and are tired of the industry's standard, give it a try. You may very well find yourself enjoying the cute penguin.
